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Oceans
Earthquakes
Soil
Of all the water bodies, the oceans are the largest and the most important. They are all connected to each other, but for our convenience, they have been divided into the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Antarctic Ocean. The water around the Antarctic region forms the Antarctic Ocean. The ocean water is saline because of the vast amount of salts dissolved in it. The salinity of oceans is not the same everywhere. We get sodium chloride or common salt and many other chemicals by evaporating seawater. The degree of salinity varies from place to place. Oceans have long been a source of food. Salinity is much less in enclosed seas in which many rivers drain. Since ancient times the oceans have been used as a means of trade and transport. When the people did not know about far-off lands, they sailed keeping close to the coastline. After many expeditions and discoveries and also with the invention of various instruments, man ventured out and the oceans became the most important means of trade and transport. They are the cheapest means of transporting large cargoes of oil, minerals and grains. Ocean are not only important for trade but also have a great influence on the world climate. They constitute the biggest source of water vapor which causes precipitation. They help in balancing the difference in temperatures all over the world. They transfer the heat from the equatorial zones to the cold Polar Regions. This is done by three movements in the ocean, i.e., waves, tides and ocean currents. These movements are caused by the winds and the solar and gravitational forces.
Of all the water bodies, the oceans are the largest and the most important. They are all connected to each other, but for our convenience, they have been divided into the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Antarctic Ocean. The water around the Antarctic region forms the Antarctic Ocean. The ocean water is saline because of the vast amount of salts dissolved in it. The salinity of oceans is not the same everywhere. We get sodium chloride or common salt and many other chemicals by evaporating seawater. The degree of salinity varies from place to place. Oceans have long been a source of food. Salinity is much less in enclosed seas in which many rivers drain. Since ancient times the oceans have been used as a means of trade and transport. When the people did not know about far-off lands, they sailed keeping close to the coastline. After many expeditions and discoveries and also with the invention of various instruments, man ventured out and the oceans became the most important means of trade and transport. They are the cheapest means of transporting large cargoes of oil, minerals and grains. Ocean are not only important for trade but also have a great influence on the world climate. They constitute the biggest source of water vapor which causes precipitation. They help in balancing the difference in temperatures all over the world. They transfer the heat from the equatorial zones to the cold Polar Regions. This is done by three movements in the ocean, i.e., waves, tides and ocean currents. These movements are caused by the winds and the solar and gravitational forces.
Of all the water bodies, the oceans are the largest and the most important. They are all connected to each other, but for our convenience, they have been divided into the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Antarctic Ocean. The water around the Antarctic region forms the Antarctic Ocean. The ocean water is saline because of the vast amount of salts dissolved in it. The salinity of oceans is not the same everywhere. We get sodium chloride or common salt and many other chemicals by evaporating seawater. The degree of salinity varies from place to place. Oceans have long been a source of food. Salinity is much less in enclosed seas in which many rivers drain. Since ancient times the oceans have been used as a means of trade and transport. When the people did not know about far-off lands, they sailed keeping close to the coastline. After many expeditions and discoveries and also with the invention of various instruments, man ventured out and the oceans became the most important means of trade and transport. They are the cheapest means of transporting large cargoes of oil, minerals and grains. Ocean are not only important for trade but also have a great influence on the world climate. They constitute the biggest source of water vapor which causes precipitation. They help in balancing the difference in temperatures all over the world. They transfer the heat from the equatorial zones to the cold Polar Regions. This is done by three movements in the ocean, i.e., waves, tides and ocean currents. These movements are caused by the winds and the solar and gravitational forces.
Of all the water bodies, the oceans are the largest and the most important. They are all connected to each other, but for our convenience, they have been divided into the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Antarctic Ocean. The water around the Antarctic region forms the Antarctic Ocean. The ocean water is saline because of the vast amount of salts dissolved in it. The salinity of oceans is not the same everywhere. We get sodium chloride or common salt and many other chemicals by evaporating seawater. The degree of salinity varies from place to place. Oceans have long been a source of food. Salinity is much less in enclosed seas in which many rivers drain. Since ancient times the oceans have been used as a means of trade and transport. When the people did not know about far-off lands, they sailed keeping close to the coastline. After many expeditions and discoveries and also with the invention of various instruments, man ventured out and the oceans became the most important means of trade and transport. They are the cheapest means of transporting large cargoes of oil, minerals and grains. Ocean are not only important for trade but also have a great influence on the world climate. They constitute the biggest source of water vapor which causes precipitation. They help in balancing the difference in temperatures all over the world. They transfer the heat from the equatorial zones to the cold Polar Regions. This is done by three movements in the ocean, i.e., waves, tides and ocean currents. These movements are caused by the winds and the solar and gravitational forces.
Of all the water bodies, the oceans are the largest and the most important. They are all connected to each other, but for our convenience, they have been divided into the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Antarctic Ocean. The water around the Antarctic region forms the Antarctic Ocean. The ocean water is saline because of the vast amount of salts dissolved in it. The salinity of oceans is not the same everywhere. We get sodium chloride or common salt and many other chemicals by evaporating seawater. The degree of salinity varies from place to place. Oceans have long been a source of food. Salinity is much less in enclosed seas in which many rivers drain. Since ancient times the oceans have been used as a means of trade and transport. When the people did not know about far-off lands, they sailed keeping close to the coastline. After many expeditions and discoveries and also with the invention of various instruments, man ventured out and the oceans became the most important means of trade and transport. They are the cheapest means of transporting large cargoes of oil, minerals and grains. Ocean are not only important for trade but also have a great influence on the world climate. They constitute the biggest source of water vapor which causes precipitation. They help in balancing the difference in temperatures all over the world. They transfer the heat from the equatorial zones to the cold Polar Regions. This is done by three movements in the ocean, i.e., waves, tides and ocean currents. These movements are caused by the winds and the solar and gravitational forces.
The earthquake can be felt as a slight tremor or it can be a violent shaking that causes a lot of damage.The Earth’s internal forces some time cause the continental plates to move. The movement may result in sudden shifting or breaking of rocks along a fault line. This movement releases a great energy in the form of shock waves. The point of origin is called the focus.The shock waves move out in concentric circles very similar to the ones that are created when a pebble is dropped in a pond. At times, such waves are strong enough to reach the surface of the Earth.The point on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus, is called the epicenter. From this point, the waves move outward decreasing in strength as they move away. The greatest impact being felt at the epicenter, this region suffers the greatest damage.The shock waves, also called seismic waves, are measured by an instrument called seismograph. The severity of the earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. It measures the intensity of the earthquake on a 0-9 scale. A figure of 2 or less is barely felt while a figure above 6 means a major earthquake.Young fold mountain regions are earthquake-prone regions. Though seismologists around the world are trying to find new methods of predicting earthquakes, they have met with limited success. The foothills of the Himalayas are an earthquake-prone area because this is the region where two continental plates meet.
The earthquake can be felt as a slight tremor or it can be a violent shaking that causes a lot of damage.The Earth’s internal forces some time cause the continental plates to move. The movement may result in sudden shifting or breaking of rocks along a fault line. This movement releases a great energy in the form of shock waves. The point of origin is called the focus.The shock waves move out in concentric circles very similar to the ones that are created when a pebble is dropped in a pond. At times, such waves are strong enough to reach the surface of the Earth.The point on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus, is called the epicenter. From this point, the waves move outward decreasing in strength as they move away. The greatest impact being felt at the epicenter, this region suffers the greatest damage.The shock waves, also called seismic waves, are measured by an instrument called seismograph. The severity of the earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. It measures the intensity of the earthquake on a 0-9 scale. A figure of 2 or less is barely felt while a figure above 6 means a major earthquake.Young fold mountain regions are earthquake-prone regions. Though seismologists around the world are trying to find new methods of predicting earthquakes, they have met with limited success. The foothills of the Himalayas are an earthquake-prone area because this is the region where two continental plates meet.
The earthquake can be felt as a slight tremor or it can be a violent shaking that causes a lot of damage.The Earth’s internal forces some time cause the continental plates to move. The movement may result in sudden shifting or breaking of rocks along a fault line. This movement releases a great energy in the form of shock waves. The point of origin is called the focus.The shock waves move out in concentric circles very similar to the ones that are created when a pebble is dropped in a pond. At times, such waves are strong enough to reach the surface of the Earth.The point on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus, is called the epicenter. From this point, the waves move outward decreasing in strength as they move away. The greatest impact being felt at the epicenter, this region suffers the greatest damage.The shock waves, also called seismic waves, are measured by an instrument called seismograph. The severity of the earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. It measures the intensity of the earthquake on a 0-9 scale. A figure of 2 or less is barely felt while a figure above 6 means a major earthquake.Young fold mountain regions are earthquake-prone regions. Though seismologists around the world are trying to find new methods of predicting earthquakes, they have met with limited success. The foothills of the Himalayas are an earthquake-prone area because this is the region where two continental plates meet.
The earthquake can be felt as a slight tremor or it can be a violent shaking that causes a lot of damage.The Earth’s internal forces some time cause the continental plates to move. The movement may result in sudden shifting or breaking of rocks along a fault line. This movement releases a great energy in the form of shock waves. The point of origin is called the focus.The shock waves move out in concentric circles very similar to the ones that are created when a pebble is dropped in a pond. At times, such waves are strong enough to reach the surface of the Earth.The point on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus, is called the epicenter. From this point, the waves move outward decreasing in strength as they move away. The greatest impact being felt at the epicenter, this region suffers the greatest damage.The shock waves, also called seismic waves, are measured by an instrument called seismograph. The severity of the earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. It measures the intensity of the earthquake on a 0-9 scale. A figure of 2 or less is barely felt while a figure above 6 means a major earthquake.Young fold mountain regions are earthquake-prone regions. Though seismologists around the world are trying to find new methods of predicting earthquakes, they have met with limited success. The foothills of the Himalayas are an earthquake-prone area because this is the region where two continental plates meet.
The earthquake can be felt as a slight tremor or it can be a violent shaking that causes a lot of damage.The Earth’s internal forces some time cause the continental plates to move. The movement may result in sudden shifting or breaking of rocks along a fault line. This movement releases a great energy in the form of shock waves. The point of origin is called the focus.The shock waves move out in concentric circles very similar to the ones that are created when a pebble is dropped in a pond. At times, such waves are strong enough to reach the surface of the Earth.The point on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus, is called the epicenter. From this point, the waves move outward decreasing in strength as they move away. The greatest impact being felt at the epicenter, this region suffers the greatest damage.The shock waves, also called seismic waves, are measured by an instrument called seismograph. The severity of the earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. It measures the intensity of the earthquake on a 0-9 scale. A figure of 2 or less is barely felt while a figure above 6 means a major earthquake.Young fold mountain regions are earthquake-prone regions. Though seismologists around the world are trying to find new methods of predicting earthquakes, they have met with limited success. The foothills of the Himalayas are an earthquake-prone area because this is the region where two continental plates meet.
Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface made up of weathered rocks, finer material like sand, silt and clay, together with organic matter. Soil forms a very thin layer but is of the utmost importance to us. This is so because it is the layer that supports plants, and plants provide food for all other living things. The organic matter in the soil is called humus. It is made up of the decaying remains of plants and animals. It provides nitrogen for the proper growth of plants. Soil takes a very long time to form and it is formed in layers. The uppermost layer or the topsoil is made up of fine particles of sand and humus. Most plants have their roots limited to this layer. The layer below the topsil is the subsoil. It is a more dense layer made up of coarse particles of sand, clay and some amount of humus. The next layer has rocks in their partially weathered from and below this is the layer of parent rock. The mineral composition of the soil in any region is derived mainly from its parent rock.
Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface made up of weathered rocks, finer material like sand, silt and clay, together with organic matter. Soil forms a very thin layer but is of the utmost importance to us. This is so because it is the layer that supports plants, and plants provide food for all other living things. The organic matter in the soil is called humus. It is made up of the decaying remains of plants and animals. It provides nitrogen for the proper growth of plants. Soil takes a very long time to form and it is formed in layers. The uppermost layer or the topsoil is made up of fine particles of sand and humus. Most plants have their roots limited to this layer. The layer below the topsil is the subsoil. It is a more dense layer made up of coarse particles of sand, clay and some amount of humus. The next layer has rocks in their partially weathered from and below this is the layer of parent rock. The mineral composition of the soil in any region is derived mainly from its parent rock.
Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface made up of weathered rocks, finer material like sand, silt and clay, together with organic matter. Soil forms a very thin layer but is of the utmost importance to us. This is so because it is the layer that supports plants, and plants provide food for all other living things. The organic matter in the soil is called humus. It is made up of the decaying remains of plants and animals. It provides nitrogen for the proper growth of plants. Soil takes a very long time to form and it is formed in layers. The uppermost layer or the topsoil is made up of fine particles of sand and humus. Most plants have their roots limited to this layer. The layer below the topsil is the subsoil. It is a more dense layer made up of coarse particles of sand, clay and some amount of humus. The next layer has rocks in their partially weathered from and below this is the layer of parent rock. The mineral composition of the soil in any region is derived mainly from its parent rock.
Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface made up of weathered rocks, finer material like sand, silt and clay, together with organic matter. Soil forms a very thin layer but is of the utmost importance to us. This is so because it is the layer that supports plants, and plants provide food for all other living things. The organic matter in the soil is called humus. It is made up of the decaying remains of plants and animals. It provides nitrogen for the proper growth of plants. Soil takes a very long time to form and it is formed in layers. The uppermost layer or the topsoil is made up of fine particles of sand and humus. Most plants have their roots limited to this layer. The layer below the topsil is the subsoil. It is a more dense layer made up of coarse particles of sand, clay and some amount of humus. The next layer has rocks in their partially weathered from and below this is the layer of parent rock. The mineral composition of the soil in any region is derived mainly from its parent rock.
Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth’s surface made up of weathered rocks, finer material like sand, silt and clay, together with organic matter. Soil forms a very thin layer but is of the utmost importance to us. This is so because it is the layer that supports plants, and plants provide food for all other living things. The organic matter in the soil is called humus. It is made up of the decaying remains of plants and animals. It provides nitrogen for the proper growth of plants. Soil takes a very long time to form and it is formed in layers. The uppermost layer or the topsoil is made up of fine particles of sand and humus. Most plants have their roots limited to this layer. The layer below the topsil is the subsoil. It is a more dense layer made up of coarse particles of sand, clay and some amount of humus. The next layer has rocks in their partially weathered from and below this is the layer of parent rock. The mineral composition of the soil in any region is derived mainly from its parent rock.